Diyaarinta iyo isticmaalka glacial acetic acid
Acid acid, sidoo kale loo yaqaanacetic acid, glacial acetic acid, formula kiimikaadCH3COOH, waa monic acid organic iyo ashitada dufanka buuxa ee silsilad gaaban, taas oo ah isha aysiidhka iyo ur ur xun ee khalka. Xaaladaha caadiga ah, waxaa loo yaqaan "acetic acid", laakiin saafi ah oo ku dhow anhydrous acetic acid (in ka yar 1% ka kooban biyaha) ayaa loo yaqaan"glacial acetic acid", kaas oo ah hygroscopic adag oo aan midab lahayn oo leh bar qabow oo ah 16 ilaa 17° C (62° F), iyo adkeynta ka dib, waa crystal aan midab lahayn. In kasta oo aysiidh-acetic acid tahay asiidh daciif ah, haddana waa daxal, uumigeedu waxa ay ka cadhaysiiyaan indhaha iyo sanka, oo waxa ay uraysaa barar iyo dhanaan.
taariikhda
Dalabka sannadlaha ah ee adduunka oo dhanacetic acid waa qiyaastii 6.5 milyan oo tan. Tan, ilaa 1.5 milyan oo tan ayaa dib loo warshadeeyay, 5 milyan oo tan oo soo hadhayna waxa si toos ah looga soo saaraa kaydadka batroolka ama halsano bayooloji.
Theglacial acetic acid Bakteeriyada khamiirsan (Acetobacter) ayaa laga heli karaa gees kasta oo adduunka ah, ummad kastana si lama filaan ah ayay u helaan khalka marka ay samaynayaan khamri - waa wax soo saarka dabiiciga ah ee cabitaannadan khamriga ah ee hawada soo gala. Tusaale ahaan, Shiinaha, waxaa jirta odhaah ah in wiilka Du Kang, Black Tower, uu helay khal sababtoo ah wuxuu sameeyay khamri muddo dheer.
Isticmaalkaglacial acetic acidxagga kimistariga waxay soo taxnayd waqtiyo aad u qadiimi ah. Qarnigii 3aad ee BC, faylasuufkii Giriigga ee Theophrastus ayaa si faahfaahsan u sharraxay sida acetic acid ula falgasho biraha si ay u soo saarto midabada loo isticmaalo fanka, oo ay ku jiraan rasaasta cad (karbonatenada rasaasta) iyo patina (isku dhafka cusbada naxaasta ah oo ay ku jiraan copper acetate). Roomaani hore waxay ku karkarin jireen khamri dhanaan weelasha sunta rasaasta si ay u soo saaraan sharoobada macaan ee saraysa ee loo yaqaan sapa. sapa waxa uu qani ku ahaa sokorta rasaasta ur macaan, sunta rasaasta rasaasta, taas oo sababtay sunta rasaasta ee ka dhex dhacda asharaafta Roomaanka. Qarnigii 8-aad, alchemist-kii Faaris ee Jaber wuxuu xoogga saaray asiidhka acetic ee khalka iyadoo la kala saarayo.
Sannadkii 1847-kii, saynisyahan Jarmal ah Adolf Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe ayaa markii ugu horreysay ka soo saaray aashitada acetic acid ee alaabta ceyriinka ah. Habka falcelintani waa kaarboonka disulfide-ka ugu horreeya iyada oo loo marayo chlorination galay carbon tetrachloride, oo ay ku xigto heerkulka sare ee tetrachlorethylene ka dib hydrolysis, iyo chlorination, sidaas darteed soo saarida trichloroacetic acid, tallaabada ugu dambeysa ee hoos u dhigista elektrolytka si loo soo saaro acetic acid.
Sannadkii 1910-kii, inta badanglacial acetic acid waxaa laga soo saaray daamur dhuxul ah oo laga soo saaray alwaax la soo celiyay. Marka hore, daamurka dhuxusha waxaa lagu daaweeyaa kalsiyum hydroxide, ka dibna calcium acetate ee la sameeyay waxaa lagu daray sulfuric acid si loo helo acetic acid. Qiyaastii 10,000 oo tan oo glacial acetic acid ah ayaa laga soo saaray Jarmalka muddadan, 30% ka mid ah ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu sameeyo dheeha indigo.
diyaarinta
Glacial acetic acid waxaa lagu diyaarin karaa isku-dhafan macmal ah iyo halsano bakteeriyada. Maanta, biosynthesis, isticmaalka halsano bakteeriyada, ayaa ka dhigan 10% kaliya ee wax soo saarka guud ee adduunka, laakiin weli waa habka ugu muhiimsan ee soo saarista khalka, sababtoo ah xeerarka badbaadada cuntada ee dalal badan ayaa u baahan in khalka cuntada lagu diyaariyo si bayooloji ah. 75% eeacetic acid Isticmaalka warshadaha waxaa lagu soo saaraa carbonylation of methanol. Qaybaha bannaan waxaa lagu farsameeyaa habab kale.
isticmaal
Glacial acetic acid waa karboksilic acid fudud, oo ka kooban hal koox methyl ah iyo hal koox karboksilic ah, waana reagent kiimiko oo muhiim ah. Warshadaha kiimikada, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo polyetylen terephthalate, oo ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee dhalooyinka cabitaanka.Glacial acetic acid waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo acetate cellulose ee filimka iyo polyvinyl acetate ee xabagta alwaax, iyo sidoo kale fiilooyinka synthetic iyo dhar badan. Guriga dhexdiisa, ku milmaan xalalka glacial acetic acidwaxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida wakiilka descaling. Warshadaha cuntada, acetic acid waxa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay nidaamiye aashitada ku jirta liiska cuntada lagu daro E260.
Glacial acetic acidwaa reagent kiimikaad aasaasiga ah ee loo isticmaalo diyaarinta xeryahooda badan. Isticmaalka kaliya ee acetic acid waa diyaarinta monomer vinyl acetate, oo ay ku xigto diyaarinta acetic anhydride iyo esters kale. Theacetic acid khalka ku jira waa qayb yar oo dhanglacial acetic acid.
Xalka acetic acid ee la badhxay ayaa sidoo kale badanaa loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiilka ka saarista miridhku sababtoo ah aysiidh khafiif ah. Aysiidhkeeda waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in lagu daweeyo xabagta ay keento Cubomedusae, haddii wakhtiga loo isticmaalona, waxay ka hortagi kartaa dhaawac halis ah ama xataa dhimasho iyadoo la curyaamiyo unugyada kiciya jellyfish. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa in lagu diyaariyo daaweynta otitis externa Vosol.Acid acid Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa sida ilaalinta buufinta si loo joojiyo koritaanka bakteeriyada iyo fungi.
Waqtiga boostada: Meey-28-2024